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These are the answers to Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes and OpenShift Cognitive Class Course Answer certification course. These answers have been updated recently and are 100% correct. The final exam is on Monday, April. All answers are 100%.

🔳 Module 1 – Understanding the Benefits of Containers

Question 1: In this sample Dockerfile, what does the FROM instruction do?

FROM ubuntu:18.04

COPY . /app

RUN make /app

CMD python /app/app.py

• It defines the base image, which in this case is Ubuntu version 18.04.
• It defines the minimum version of the operating system for the docker build command to use.
• It defines the operating system on which the docker build command must be run.
• It defines the virtualized host operating system on which the container will run.

Question 2: You can use the Docker COPY instruction to copy files from your local machine to a container.

• True
• False

Question 3: Which of the following are benefits of containers? (Select all that apply)

• Each container runs its own operating system (OS).
• Like virtual machines (VMs), containers virtualize your infrastructure.
• Each container is fully isolated and therefore secure.
• Containers provide a standardized way to package and ship software.  

Question 4: What does the docker build command do?

• It uses a Dockerfile to create an image.
• It creates a Dockerfile.
• It creates a Docker app.
• It uses an image to create a container.

Question 5: What is an image?

• A read-only file that contains the source code, libraries, and dependencies that are needed to run an application.
• A YAML file with key/value pairs specifying the attributes of a container.
• An isolated process running on a local or remote host with its own file system and networking.
• A text file that contains the commands and settings that will run a container and the apps running in that container.

🔳 Module 2 – Understanding Kubernetes Architecture

Question 1: Which of the following components is part of the Kubernetes control plane?

• The worker nodes.
• The kubelet
• etcd
• The Kubernetes network proxy.

Question 2: Which Kubernetes object represents a single instance of processes running in a container?

• Pod
• Cluster
• Deployment
• Kubelet
• ReplicaSet

Question 3: Which of the following statements describes what Kubernetes is?

• Open source software.
• Container orchestration platform.
• Widely available.
• A tool that facilitates declarative management.
• All of the above.  

Question 4: Which of the following are Kubernetes objects?

• B and C
• Namespaces
• ConfigMaps
• Kubelets
• Clusters

Question 5: In this sample kubectl command, what does create do?

kubectl create -f nginx.yaml

• It creates a YAML file named nginx.yaml.
• It creates an object using the details in the nginx.yaml file.
• It creates a new cluster using the details in the nginx.yaml file.
• It creates a configuration file for an nginx web server.

🔳 Module 3 – Managing Applications with Kubernetes

Question 1: In this sample kubectl command, what does get deployments tell us? Select all that apply.

» kubectl get deployments

NAME   READY  UP-TO-DATE      AVAILABLE          AGE

Nginx-deploy    1/3         1              1             

3s                                                           

• How many replicas of the application are ready.
• The number of replicas that have been updated to the desired state.
• How many replicas of the application are available.
• How long the application has been running.
• The Kubernetes namespace in which the Deployments live.

Question 2: Which of the following can be used to create ConfigMaps? Select all that apply.

• The kubectl add configmap command.
• A file with key-value pairs.
• A YAML configuration file.
• Service bindings.
• Horizontal Pod Autoscaler.

Question 3: Which of the following statements describes what a ReplicaSet does? Select all that apply.

• Maintains a stable set of Pods in a cluster, spinning up or deleting pods as needed.
• Provides configuration details to Deployments.
• Rolls out app changes in an automated and controlled manner.
• Replicates a Deployment.
• Autoscales an application.

Question 4: Which of the following Kubernetes objects is used to store and manage sensitive information?

• Service bindings
• ConfigMaps
• Secrets
• ReplicaSets

Question 5: Which of the following Kubernetes objects are used to run applications? Select all that apply.

• ReplicaSets
• ConfigMaps
• Secrets
• Service bindings
• ibmcloud CLI

🔳 Module 4 – The Kubernetes Ecosystem

Question 1: Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between Red Hat OpenShift and Kubernetes?

• OpenShift packages Kubernetes with additional tooling to make developers and administrators more successful.
• OpenShift is a tool in the Kubernetes that ecosystem that can be used in conjunction with Kubernetes to deploy cloud-native applications.
• OpenShift can be deployed on a Kubernetes cluster to provide additional tooling such as logging, monitoring, and CI/CD.
• OpenShift plugs into Kubernetes through custom resource definitions to provide build and other capabilities.

Question 2: Which of the following are types of operators available in OperatorHub? Select all that apply.

• Red Hat
• Certified
• Community
• Custom controller
• CRD

Question 3: Which of the following are Red Hat OpenShift build triggers? Select all that apply.

• Webhook
• Image change
• Configuration change
• Source-to-image
• Docker build

Question 4: Image streams can point to images in which of the following locations. Select all that apply.

• Other image streams.
• Public external registries.
• Private external registries.
• The OpenShift internal registry.
• A Kubernetes cluster.

 Question 5: Which of the following are possible with Istio service mesh? Select all that apply.

• Routing traffic to two versions of a microservice.
• Setting policies that stipulate which services can talk to each other.
• Encrypting traffic between services.
• Creating protocols for service to service communication.
• Decouple applications into smaller, loosely coupled microservices.

🔳 Final Exam Answers: Introduction to Containers, Kubernetes, and OpenShift Answers

Question 1: Image streams contain complete image data.

• True
• False

Question 2: What does the Docker CLI build command do?

• It builds an image from a Dockerfile.
• It builds a microservice that will run in an image.
• It builds a Dockerfile.
• It builds a new container.
• It builds a new cluster.

Question 3: Containers include a guest operating system in every instance.

• True
• False  

Question 4: You use the docker push command to distribute an image to a registry.

• True
• False

Question 5: Which of the following are container runtimes? Select all that apply.

• Docker
• rocket
• CRI-O
• DRunner
• Kubelet

Question 6: Which Kubernetes object provides updates to Pods and ReplicaSets?

• Deployment
• ConfigMap
• Secret
• Patch

Question 7: How are ReplicaSets often created?

• One is automatically created for you when you create a Ddeployment.
• Using the kubectl create replicaset command.
• By adding a ReplicaSet: on flag to the deployment’s configuration file.
• By Adding a ReplicaSet: on flag to the Dockerfile used to build the container image.

Question 8: In this sample Dockerfile, what does the FROM instruction do?

FROM alpine:3.9

COPY . /app

RUN make /app

CMD python /app/app.py

• It defines the base image, which in this case is Alpine version 3.9.
• It defines the virtualized host operating system on which the container will run.
• It defines the minimum version of the operating system for the docker build command to use.
• It defines the operating system on which the docker build command must be run.

Question 9: Which of the following are used to provide ConfigMaps to Pods and Deployments? Select all that apply.

• String literals
• YAML configuration files
• Container runtimes
• Service bindings
• Kubernetes schedulers

Question 10: In this sample docker build command, what does the -t option do?

docker build -t my-app:v1 .

• It gives the image the name “my-app” and the tag “v1”.
• It indicates that the files used to build the image are located in the current working directory.
• It indicates that the version “v1” of “my-app” should be used when building the image.
• It tags the current working directory as the target location for the image being built.

Question 11: What does the following command do?

kubectl get secrets –namespace=default

• Retrieves the secrets in the “default” namespace.
• Retrieves the IBM Cloud IAM API key for your Kubernetes cluster.
• Retrieves the binding.password values for the services bound to your Kubernetes cluster.
• Retrieves all the Secrets in your Kubernetes cluster.

Question 12: Kubernetes is the sole project hosted by the CNCF.

• True
• False  

Question 13: What is the open source upstream version of OpenShift called?

• OKD
• Kubernetes open source
• Istio
• CRD
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS

Question 14: Which of the following statements describes what Kubernetes is? Select all that apply.

• An all-inclusive platform as a service (PaaS).
• A service for building source code.
• A continuous delivery pipeline.
• A solution for sharing and storing images.
• A container orchestration platform.

Question 15: Which of the following Kubernetes objects can you use to segregate a cluster by team or project?

• Namespaces
• ConfigMaps
• Kubernetes controllers
• Volumes

Question 16: In this sample kubectl command, what does create do?

kubectl create -f pod.json

• It creates a JSON file named pod.json.
• It creates an object using the details in the pod.json file.
• It creates a new cluster using the details in the pod.json file.
• It creates a file that contains the configuration for a Kubernetes Pod.

Question 17: OpenShift can be run in which of the following environments? Select all that apply.

• On premise
• Public cloud
• Private cloud
• Hybrid cloud

Question 18: What is the Istio service mesh used for? Select all that apply.

• Control the flow of traffic between services.
• Secure communication between services.
• Encrypt Kubernetes secrets.
• Observe and monitor services.

Question 19: Which of the following Kubernetes objects are used to run applications? Select all that apply.

• Plugins
• ConfigMaps
• ResourceSets
• Service bindings
• Deployments

Question 20: What Kubernetes capabilities enable an application to increase the number of Pods based on traffic? Select all that apply.

• Service binding
• Horizontal Pod Autoscaler
• kubectl autoscale command
• Kubernetes traffic router
• kubectl scale command

Conclusion

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